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german: Ein Gefäß, in dessen Mitte sich eine semipermeable Membran befindet. Die Konzentration an Teilchen/Stoffen links der Membran ist höher als die Konzentration an Teilchen/Stoffen rechts der Membran (linke Abbildung) Es wandern Teilchen aus dem Bereich der hoher Konzentration zu dem Bereich niedriger Konzentration, bis ein Gleichgewicht hergestellt ist (rechte Abbildung). Die Teilchen sind durch Wärme in ungeordneter Bewegung (brownsche Bewegung).
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